FTTH fiber optic cables primarily consist of quartz glass, plastic optical fibers, and flame-retardant PVC jackets or low-smoke, zero-halogen polyolefin jackets. Specific structural configurations and material selections require adaptation based on application scenarios.
Core Materials
Core: Made of doped quartz glass (e.g., silica) with an outer diameter of approximately 125 micrometers, transmitting optical signals via total internal reflection.
Cladding: Surrounding the core, its material is matched to the core to enable total internal reflection.
Sheath Materials
Indoor FTTH Cables: Sheaths are typically flame-retardant PVC or low-smoke, zero-halogen polyolefin; some products incorporate metal armor for enhanced protection.
Submarine/Outdoor Cables: Sheaths require environmental damage resistance and may utilize specialized plastics or composite materials.
Other Characteristics
Transmission Mode: Classified as single-mode fiber (diameter 8-10μm) and multi-mode fiber (15-50μm), suited for different distance requirements.
Signal Transmission: Optical signals are generated by light-emitting diodes or lasers and detected at the receiving end via photosensitive components.